Loan Amortization Kya Hai? EMI Ka Breakup Samjhein
EMI to har mahine same rehti hai, par kya aap jaante hain ki shuru me uska bada hissa byaj me jaata hai, principal me bahut kam? Isi ko "amortization" kehte hain. Ise samajhne se pata chalta hai ki prepayment kab karni chahiye aur kitna byaj bacha sakte hain. Is guide me poora khol kar samjhenge.
➤ Free Amortization Calculator kholeinAmortization ka matlab kya hai?
Amortization ka matlab hai loan ko fixed EMI me dheere-dheere chukana. Har EMI ke do hisse hote hain — byaj (interest) aur principal (mool rakam). EMI same rehti hai, par in dono ka anupaat har mahine badalta rehta hai.
Byaj hamesha bache hue loan par lagta hai. Shuru me loan sabse bada hota hai, isliye byaj zyada aur principal kam. Jaise-jaise loan ghatta hai, byaj kam aur principal zyada hota jaata hai — aakhir me EMI ka lagbhag poora hissa principal hota hai. Yahi amortization ka poora chakra hai.
Shuru me byaj zyada kyun?
Ye samajhna zaroori hai. Maan lijiye ₹25 lakh, 8.5%, 20 saal ka home loan hai, EMI lagbhag ₹21,700.
Byaj = ₹25,00,000 × 8.5%/12 = ~₹17,700
Principal = 21,700 − 17,700 = sirf ~₹4,000
Yaani pehle mahine ki EMI ka 80% se zyada sirf byaj hai! Isi liye pehle 4-5 saal me loan bahut kam ghatta hai. Amortization schedule dekhein to ye saaf dikhta hai — aur yahin se prepayment ka faisla samajh aata hai.
Prepayment kab sabse faydemand?
Jawab saaf hai — jitni jaldi ho sake. Shuruaati saalon me EMI ka bada hissa byaj me jaa raha hota hai. Us waqt ki gayi prepayment seedha principal ghatati hai, jisse aage ka poora byaj bachta hai.
Misaal: agar aap loan ke 3rd saal me ₹2 lakh prepay karte hain, to wo ₹2 lakh aage 17 saal tak byaj nahi kamata — lakhon ki bachat. Wahi prepayment aakhri saalon me karne se bahut kam fayda hota hai, kyunki tab byaj hissa waise bhi kam ho chuka hota hai. Isliye bonus ya extra paisa aane par jaldi prepay karna samajhdaari hai.
EMI kam karein ya tenure?
Prepayment ke baad bank do options deta hai — EMI kam karo ya tenure (samay) kam karo. Tenure kam karna aksar zyada byaj bachata hai, kyunki loan jaldi khatam hota hai aur kam mahine byaj lagta hai.
EMI kam karna tab theek jab monthly budget par dabaav ho. Par agar aap current EMI aaram se de rahe hain, to tenure kam karke total byaj par sabse zyada bachat hoti hai. Home loan par (floating rate) aam taur par koi prepayment charge nahi hota — RBI niyam ke tahat individual borrower ke liye.
Tax fayda mat bhoolein
Home loan par tax chhoot bhi milti hai (old regime me):
- Section 80C: EMI ka principal hissa, ₹1.5 lakh tak.
- Section 24(b): Byaj hissa, ₹2 lakh tak (self-occupied ghar).
Isi liye home loan ki asli lagat dikhne se kam hoti hai. Prepayment ka faisla lete waqt ye tax fayda bhi dhyaan me rakhein — kabhi-kabhi loan rakhna aur wo paisa achhe nivesh (jaise long-term SIP) me lagana zyada samajhdaari ho sakti hai. Apne CA se salah lein.
Aage ka kaam aasaan karne ke liye Amortization Calculator aur EMI Calculator zaroor dekh lein — hisaab aur samajh dono ek jagah mil jaate hain.
Aksar poochhe jaane wale sawaal (FAQ)
Amortization schedule kya hota hai?
Har EMI me kitna byaj aur kitna principal jaata hai, saal-dar-saal ka poora hisaab.
Shuru me byaj zyada kyun?
Byaj bache hue loan par lagta hai; shuru me loan bada hota hai, isliye byaj zyada.
Prepayment kab sabse faydemand?
Shuruaati saalon me, jab EMI ka bada hissa byaj me jaa raha hota hai.
EMI kam karein ya tenure?
Tenure kam karna aksar zyada byaj bachata hai; EMI kam karna budget dabaav me theek.
Home loan par tax fayda?
80C (principal ₹1.5 lakh) aur 24b (byaj ₹2 lakh) — old regime me.