Bigha Kitna Hota Hai — Har Rajya Ka Alag Hisaab
Bigha Bharat ka sabse zyada bola jaane wala zameen ka naap hai — aur sabse zyada uljhan wala bhi. Wajah ye ki bigha har rajya me alag hota hai. UP ka bigha, Rajasthan ka bigha aur Bihar ka bigha teeno alag size ke hain. Is page par har bade rajya ka bigha, uske saath biswa aur katha ka hisaab, aur wo galtiyan hain jo zameen ke sauday me sabse zyada nuksan karti hain.
Bigha har jagah alag kyun hai
Bigha koi sarkari, poore desh me ek jaisa naap kabhi tha hi nahi. Ye purane samay se chala aa raha sthaniya naap hai, jo har riyasat aur har ilaake me apne hisaab se bana. Angrezon ke aane ke baad acre aur hectare jaise naap aaye, par gaon-dehat me bol-chaal me bigha hi chalta raha.
Iska nateeja ye hai ki aaj "1 bigha" ka matlab is baat par nirbhar karta hai ki aap kis rajya me khade hain. Ek hi shabd Rajasthan me lagbhag 27,000 sq ft ka ho sakta hai aur Bihar me kareeb 27,220 sq ft, jabki UP ke kai ilaakon me lagbhag 27,000 aur Uttarakhand ke maidani hisse me alag. Kuch jagah "pakka bigha" aur "kachcha bigha" ka bhi farak hota hai, jisme kachcha bigha pakke ka lagbhag ek-tihai hota hai.
Isi liye zameen ka sauda karte waqt sirf "kitne bigha" poochhna kaafi nahi hai. Poochhna chahiye — kaunse bigha, aur behtar ye ki seedha square feet ya hectare me baat ki jaaye.
Rajya ke hisaab se bigha ki table
| Rajya | 1 bigha ≈ sq ft | Acre me | Chhota naap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uttar Pradesh | ~27,000 | ~0.62 | 20 biswa |
| Uttarakhand (maidan) | ~26,910 | ~0.62 | 20 biswa |
| Bihar | ~27,220 | ~0.625 | 20 katha |
| Madhya Pradesh | ~12,000 | ~0.28 | — |
| Rajasthan (pakka) | ~27,225 | ~0.625 | 20 biswa |
| Rajasthan (kachcha) | ~17,424 | ~0.40 | 20 biswa |
| Haryana / Punjab | ~27,225 | ~0.625 | 20 biswa |
| West Bengal | ~14,400 | ~0.33 | 20 katha |
| Gujarat | ~17,424 | ~0.40 | — |
Table dekh kar sabse pehle jo baat khatakti hai wo ye ki MP ka bigha UP ke bigha se aadhe se bhi chhota hai. Agar koi MP se aakar UP me zameen kharide aur apne dimag me MP wala bigha rakhe, to wo lagbhag dugni zameen ka andaaza laga baithega — ya keemat ka.
Biswa, katha aur bigha ka rishta
Bigha akela nahi chalta. Uske neeche chhote naap hote hain, jinke naam bhi rajya ke saath badalte hain.
Biswa — UP, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Haryana aur Punjab me chalta hai. Aam taur par 1 bigha = 20 biswa. Yaani UP me 1 biswa lagbhag 1,350 sq ft ka hua. Kahin-kahin biswa ko aur tod kar "biswansi" bhi bolte hain.
Katha — Bihar, Jharkhand aur West Bengal me chalta hai. Bihar me 1 bigha = 20 katha, aur 1 katha lagbhag 1,361 sq ft. West Bengal me bhi 20 katha ka bigha hota hai, par bigha chhota hone ki wajah se katha bhi chhota — lagbhag 720 sq ft. Katha ko aur tod kar "dhur" bolte hain.
1 bigha = 20 biswa (UP, UK, Raj, Har)
1 bigha = 20 katha (Bihar, WB)
1 acre = 43,560 sq ft
1 hectare = 1,07,639 sq ft = 2.47 acre
Ek chhota tareeka jo mandi aur registry dono me kaam aata hai — hamesha acre ya hectare me tulna karein. Ye do naap poore desh me ek jaise hain aur inme koi bahas nahi hoti.
Hisaab ki teen asli misaalein
Misaal 1 — UP me 18 bigha. 18 × 27,000 = 4,86,000 sq ft. Acre me = 4,86,000 ÷ 43,560 = lagbhag 11.16 acre. Hectare me kareeb 4.5.
Misaal 2 — Bihar me 5 katha. 5 × 1,361 = lagbhag 6,805 sq ft. Ye ek achhe ghar ke plot ka size hua. Bihar me shahar ke aas-paas zameen aksar katha me hi bikti hai.
Misaal 3 — do rajya ki tulna. Kisi ne kaha "mere paas 10 bigha hai". Agar wo MP se hai to 1,20,000 sq ft (kareeb 2.75 acre). Agar Bihar se hai to 2,72,200 sq ft (kareeb 6.25 acre). Ek hi vaakya, par zameen me ढाई guna se zyada ka farak.
Zameen ke sauday me 6 dhyan dene layak baat
1. Kagaz par sq ft ya hectare likhwayein. Agreement me "5 bigha" likhna baad me bahas ki jad ban jaata hai. Saath me square feet ya hectare zaroor daalein.
2. Khasra aur khatauni milayein. Zameen jitni batayi ja rahi hai, utni kagaz par hai ya nahi — ye pehle dekh lein.
3. Jamabandi me naam dekhein. Bechne wala hi maalik hai ya nahi, aur uske alawa aur kitne hissedaar hain.
4. Naksha (map) zaroor dekhein. Kai baar zameen kagaz par to hai par tukdon me alag-alag jagah hai.
5. Raasta aur paani. Zameen tak pahunchne ka raasta kanooni hai ya nahi, aur sinchai ka kya intezaam hai.
6. Registry ka kharcha jodein. Stamp duty aur registration fee milakar aam taur par keemat ka 5-8% tak jaata hai. Ise budget me pehle se rakhein.
Sawaal-jawab
1 bigha me kitne square feet hote hain?
Ye rajya par nirbhar hai. UP me lagbhag 27,000 sq ft, MP me kareeb 12,000, Bihar me lagbhag 27,220 aur West Bengal me kareeb 14,400.
1 bigha me kitne biswa hote hain?
Aam taur par 20 biswa — UP, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Haryana aur Punjab me.
1 acre me kitne bigha hote hain?
UP ke hisaab se lagbhag 1.6 bigha. MP ke hisaab se kareeb 3.6 bigha.
Pakka aur kachcha bigha me kya farak hai?
Rajasthan aur kuch ilaakon me pakka bigha lagbhag 27,225 sq ft ka hota hai, jabki kachcha bigha kareeb 17,424 sq ft.
Katha aur biswa me kya farak hai?
Dono bigha ke 20ve hisse hain, par alag rajya me. Katha Bihar aur Bengal me chalta hai, biswa UP aur Rajasthan taraf.
Zameen ke kagaz me kaunsa naap likha hota hai?
Sarkari record aam taur par hectare me hota hai. Bigha sirf bol-chaal ka naap hai.